";s:4:"text";s:5377:"The main methods employed by climatologists are the analysis of observations and modelling the physical laws that determine the climate. The database continues to receive data from over 600 stations that are currently operating. In the early 20th century, climatology was mostly focused on the description of regional climates. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [11] Further identified subfields are physical climatology, dynamic climatology, tornado climatology, regional climatology, bioclimatology, and synoptic climatology. Much in the way the Dow Jones Industrial Average, which is based on the stock prices of 30 companies, is used to represent the fluctuations in the stock market as a whole, climate indices are used to represent the essential elements of climate. Climate is sometimes modeled as a stochastic process but this is generally accepted as an approximation to processes that are otherwise too complicated to analyze. For details concerning the disciplines of meteorology and climatology, see climatic variation and change. A more complicated way of making a forecast, the analog technique requires remembering a previous weather event which is expected to be mimicked by an upcoming event. [3] This idea that climate controls which countries excel depending on their climate, or climatic determinism, remained influential throughout history. The degree has two concentrations that provide small classes and hands-on research experiences in either Climate Science and Impacts Engineering or Meteorology. Climatology (from Greek κλίμα, klima, "place, zone"; and -λογία, -logia) or climate science is the scientific study of climate, scientifically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of time. NOAA SciJinks - What are the Different Climate Types? [2], The Greeks began the formal study of climate; in fact the word climate is derived from the Greek word klima, meaning "slope," referring to the slope or inclination of the Earth's axis. For the journal of that name, see, "Climatology - Geography - Oxford Bibliographies - obo", "How do weather observations become climate data? These models predict an upward trend in the surface temperatures, as well as a more rapid increase in temperature at higher latitudes. The main topics of research are the study of climate variability, mechanisms of climate changes and modern climate change. [12] Scientists use both direct and indirect observations of the climate, from Earth observing satellites and scientific instrumentation such as a global network of thermometers, to prehistoric ice extracted from glaciers. Paleotempestology uses these same records to help determine hurricane frequency over millennia. The collection of long record of climate variables is essential for the study of climate. These elements are solar radiation, temperature, humidity, precipitation (type, frequency, and amount), atmospheric pressure, and wind (speed and direction). Arguably the most influential classic text on climate was On Airs, Water and Places[3] written by Hippocrates around 400 BCE. [7], Around the middle of the 20th century, many assumptions in meteorology and climatology considered climate to be roughly constant. Climate research is made difficult by the large scale, long time periods, and complex processes which govern climate. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Climatology&oldid=978433072, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, A simple radiant heat transfer model that treats the earth as a single point and averages outgoing energy, this can be expanded vertically (radiative-convective models), or horizontally. The balance of incoming and outgoing energy, and the passage of the energy through the climate system, determines Earth's energy budget. The Meteorology concentration allows students to obtain a broad-based education that provides the theoretical and computational skills necessary to properly analyze and understand meteorological phenomenon ranging from synoptic scale weather systems to micrometeorological energy exchanges at the Earth’s surface. This started to change in the decades that followed, and while the history of climate change science started earlier, climate change only became one of the mean topics of study for climatologists in the seventies and onward. [25] One method of using teleconnections are by using climate indices such as ENSO-related phenomena. The climate database holds data from about 6500 climate stations which have been operating for various periods since the earliest observations were made in the year 1850. [15], Various factors impact the average state of the atmosphere at a particular location. A variation on this theme is used in medium range forecasting, which is known as teleconnections, when systems in other locations are used to help pin down the location of a system within the surrounding regime. Modeling is used for understanding past, present and potential future climates. The climate of a location is affected by its latitude, terrain, and altitude, as well as nearby water bodies and their currents. This work commented on the effect of climate on human health and cultural differences between Asia and Europe. ";s:7:"keyword";s:19:"climate meteorology";s:5:"links";s:5364:"Courtney Thorne-smith Net Worth 2018,
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