";s:4:"text";s:4780:"In fact, alcohol was one of the treasury’s biggest sources of income.25At the time of Marco Polo (12547-1324?) Middle Ages Alcoholica Esoterica. Rum: A Global History. Austin, G. Alcohol in Western Society from Antiquity to 1800. By the millennium, the most popular form of festivities in England were “ales.” Both ale and beer were at the top of products given to lords for rent. It is the origin of the most famous toast, “Let’s drink to health”, which exists in many languages around the world. However, late in the second century, several heretical sects rejected alcohol and called for abstinence. He used strong bottles and developed a strong closure system. 71. But drunkenness was a sin. NY: Columbia U Press, 1927, p. 53. 448-459. Prof. David J. Hanson, Ph.D. Lendler, I.NY: Penguin, 2005. That’s the Dutch word for “juniper.” The French changed the name to genievre. Any consumption of alcohol became unacceptable. However, “it is likely that gross overcrowding and unemployment had much to do with these problems.”113. We want to be upfront here: Like the result of over-imbibing, this scientific origin story is a bit hazy. Groups began by promoting temperance – the moderate use of alcohol. A beverage that clearly made its debut during the seventeenth century was sparkling champagne. 32. 123. Drink Drug Pract Survey, 1982, No. 525 B.C.). The Brewer’s Tale: A History of the World According to Beer. Drunkenness would come to be defined as a threat to industrial efficiency and growth. 84. It has outlived generations, nations, epochs and ages. Reflecting its vital role, consumption of alcohol in moderation has rarely been questioned throughout most of recorded time. The moderate users “were overshadowed by their more boisterous counterparts who added ‘color’ to history.”16. Alcohol and its Role in the Evolution of Human Society. In fact, it was not even mentioned. NY: Fed Jewish Phil, 1980, pp. Polish peasants consumed up to three liters of beer per day.87 In Coventry, England, the average person had about 17 pints of beer and ale per week. Perhaps most important, it was part of daily meals. In fact, beer arrived with the first colonists, who considered it essential to their well being.91, The Puritan minister Increase Mather preached in favor of alcohol but against its abuse. They were largely interested in distilled alcohol as a cure for ailments. New Haven,: Yale U Press, 1964, p. 97. Water of Life: A History of Wine-distilling and Spirits, And a Bottle of Rum: A History of the New World in Ten Cocktails, Reduce Underage Alcohol Abuse In Creative Ways: Here are Seven, Minimum Age for Bartending: Bartender Age Laws by State. When it does occur, such rejection may be unrelated to alcohol per se but reflect other considerations. Lexington, MA: Xerox Coll, 1973, pp. Sournia, id., p. 21. Another important function of alcohol has been therapeutic or medicinal. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1990, p. xii. London: Methuen, 1955, p. 243. Its use as a social drink did not grow rapidly at first.100 However, in 1690, England passed a law to promote distilled spirits. In addition, as early as 2,700 B.C., they worshiped a wine goddess and other wine deities.17. And while the eyeliner frequently led to lead poisoning, researchers also found that it acted as a toxin, zapping infections that arose and entered via the eyes when the Nile flooded. 27. Thank you for helping us continue making science fun for everyone. 76. Watney, ibid. And they carefully guarded their knowledge.66, Monks brewed virtually all beer of good quality until the twelfth century. That company produces, what else, Dom Perignon. Younger, 1966, p. 341. It’s a myth that there’s a worm in tequila. 116. Balazs, E. Chinese Civilization. It became a common beverage for all classes and ages, including the very young. Biologically, alcohol is a source of energy—10 percent of the enzymes in our liver are devoted to converting alcohol into energy, says McGovern. Younger, W. Gods, Men, and Wine. The Way of the West. Gastineau, C., et al. Stanford,: Stanford U Press, 1975., p. 28. Preventing drunkenness was not enough. Chicago: Scott, Foresman, 1954, p. 227. ______, id., p. 133. These norms were both secular and religious.14 Egyptians did not generally appear to define inebriety as a problem. Fermented Food Beverages in Nutrition. 1,736-1,739. Alcohol, any of a class of organic compounds characterized by one or more hydroxyl (―OH) groups attached to a carbon atom of an alkyl group (hydrocarbon chain). This was caused by increased industrialization and the need for a reliable and punctual work force.112 Self-discipline was needed in place of self-expression, and task orientation had to replace relaxed conviviality. ";s:7:"keyword";s:14:"alcohol origin";s:5:"links";s:3476:"The Big Red One Amazon Prime,
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